Mal Waldron was an American free jazz pianist, composer, and arranger recognized as a key figure in the evolution of avant-garde jazz from the 1960s through the 2000s. Emerging from the New York hard bop scene in the 1950s, he was a prolific solo artist and collaborator, notably serving as Billie Holiday’s accompanist during the final years of her career. Beyond jazz, Waldron also composed music for modern ballet and scored several feature films, expanding his influence across disciplines.